How to Do a Lien Search on a Property Before You Buy

Buying real estate is a big step toward building long-term wealth. Whether you're purchasing your first home or investing in rental properties, it's important to do your homework before signing any contracts. One crucial step that many buyers overlook is checking for property liens. A lien is a legal claim against a property, often tied to unpaid debts, and it can cause serious problems if you’re not aware of it ahead of time.

That’s why learning how to perform a lien search on a property is so important. Without it, you could unknowingly take on someone else’s financial burden. In this blog, we’ll break down what a lien is, how it can affect your investment, and the steps to conduct a lien search the right way. We’ll also walk you through the most common types of liens and explain what to do if you find one.

By the end, you’ll feel confident knowing how to protect yourself from hidden risks when buying a property. Let’s dive in.

What is a Lien?

A lien is a legal claim or hold on a property, often used by creditors to ensure they get paid back. It’s like a warning sign that someone is still owed money tied to that property. If the debtor doesn’t pay the debt, the lien allows the creditor to take legal action, sometimes even leading to foreclosure.

There are many reasons a lien might be placed, such as unpaid taxes, contractor bills, or court judgments. When you perform a lien search on a property, you're checking to see if any of these claims exist. This is especially important for buyers, because once you buy a property, any liens attached to it might become your responsibility. Knowing how to research liens on property can help you avoid expensive surprises and make smarter decisions.

Why Should You Perform a Lien Search on a Property?

If you're wondering why it’s necessary to do a lien search on a property, think of it as a safety check. Just like you wouldn’t buy a car without knowing its history, you shouldn’t buy a property without knowing if there are unpaid debts attached to it.

Here’s why a lien search matters:

• Avoid Unexpected Costs: Liens can add thousands of dollars in surprise debt that you may become responsible for.
• Prevent Legal Trouble: If you skip a property lien search, you could face lawsuits or foreclosure risks later.
• Protect Your Investment: Liens reduce the value and resell potential of the property.
• Negotiate Better Deals: Finding a lien may give you leverage to lower the purchase price or request that the seller clear it before closing.
• Ensure a Smooth Closing: Title issues from unresolved liens can delay or derail your transaction entirely.

Performing a lien search early in the buying process helps protect you from these risks and gives you peace of mind.

Step-By-Step Guide on How To Conduct a Lien Search on a Property

Doing a lien search on a property isn’t as hard as it may sound. Here’s how to get started:

Use Your Local County Office:

Most lien records are filed at the county level. You can:

• Visit your county clerk, recorder, auditor, or assessor’s office in person.
• Or, go to their official website—most have a public search tool.
• Look for a “property search” or “property look-up” option.
• Enter the address or parcel number of the property.
• If there’s a lien, it will usually show up in the records.

Need Extra Help or Tools?

If you’re a real estate investor or need more property data or contact data:

• Try using DealMachine — it helps you research property history, ownership details, and even potential liens.
• It’s a great tool for doing quick property due diligence before making a purchase.

Not Sure About Doing It Alone?

• A real estate attorney or title company can also handle the lien search for you.
• This is especially helpful if the property history seems complicated or if you’re buying out of state.

Doing your homework now helps avoid big problems later.

Common Types of Liens on Properties

When conducting a lien search on a property, it’s important to know what kinds of liens you might find. Each type represents a different kind of unpaid obligation that can affect the property's value and your ability to buy it.

Tax Liens

These are placed by the government when property owners fail to pay local, state, or federal taxes. Tax liens are serious and often take priority over other claims. If left unpaid, they can lead to foreclosure and loss of the property.

Mechanic’s Liens

Mechanic's liens, also known as construction liens, these are filed by contractors or suppliers who weren’t paid for work or materials provided to improve the property. Even small unpaid invoices can lead to a lien that must be cleared before closing.

Judgment Liens

A judgment lien results from a lawsuit. If a property owner loses a court case and owes money, the court may allow the creditor to place a lien on the person’s property until the debt is paid off.

Understanding these liens during your research helps you make smart, informed decisions before investing in real estate.

How to Handle Discovered Liens on Properties?

When you've conducted a lien search on a property and found a lien, it's not an absolute deal-breaker. It might require more effort on your end to facilitate the lien payoff during closing. It creates an opportunity to renegotiate the contract, considering the discovered debt. Having a real estate attorney in such situations turns out to be an asset.

Final Thoughts

Doing a lien search on a property is a simple but important step in protecting your investment. It helps you avoid surprise debts, legal issues, and closing delays. Even if a lien is found, it might give you room to negotiate or walk away before committing.

Whether you're buying your first home or investing in real estate, doing your due diligence pays off. Tools like DealMachine can make the process easier, especially if you're looking at multiple properties.

Take the time to check—it could save you thousands later.